Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated as the 16th President of the United States on March 4, 1861. He stated, in his address, "I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists."
Carpetbaggers were Northerners who traveled south after the Civil War with goals of profiting off the Reconstruction. They sometimes partnered with Southerners known as scalawags.
The two-day Battle of Shiloh, near Pittsburgh Landing, Tennessee, ended on April 7, 1862. Confederate General Albert S. Johnson and his troops had battered the Union Army until reinforcements arrived and Union General Ulysses S. Grant's command on the battlefield shored up the sagging Union lines. The battle ended with the Confederates pushed back to where they had started - less 10,700 casualties, including Johnson, who bled to death from a leg wound. The North narrowly avoided defeat, but at the high cost of 13,000 casualties.
Union General Nathaniel Banks lost so many supplies to Confederate General Jackson's infantry during the Valley Campaign that the southern soldiers referred to him as "Commissary Banks."
Communicable diseases were a large factor in the failure of the Confederate's Cheat Mountain campaign in September of 1861. Although southern General Robert E. Lee had about 11,000 men in his six brigades, more that northern General Joseph J. Reynolds' opposing force, almost half of Lee's soldiers became ill at the same time. These sick troops were not only unavailable for combat but also consumed needed food. They also delayed incoming supplies as wagons were used to move them to the rear. Other soldiers were also taken out of combat to attend to the sickened men.